ABSTRACT
Soft tissue swellings of the oral cavity frequently present a diagnostic challenge because a diverse group of pathologic processes can produce such lesions. Among these lesions are a group of reactive hyperplasia, which develop in response to a chronic, recurring tissue injury that stimulates an exuberant or excessive tissue repair response, and pyogenic granuloma is one of them. It is a reactional response to constant minor trauma or may be related to hormonal changes. It preferentially affects the gingiva followed by lips, tongue, buccal mucosa, and palate. It is commonly seen in young adults. The treatment is excision of the lesion. This case report describes the clinical and histopathological features of a pyogenic granuloma, in a 20-year-old male patient.
ABSTRACT
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a well-recognized, potentially malignant disorder of the oral cavity that can affect any part of the oral mucosa, characterized by mucosal rigidity of varying intensity caused by fibro elastic transformation of the juxta epithelial layer of connective tissue. OSMF occurs in Indians and other population of the Indian subcontinent with certain oral habits. Betel quid chewing is a popular oral habit with potential links to the occurrence of oral cancer. In patients with submucous fibrosis, the oral epithelium becomes atrophic and thereby becomes more vulnerable to carcinogens. Since the ingredients of betel quid, tobacco are crucial for tumor initiation, promotion and progression, exposure to these toxicants simultaneously has been shown to markedly potentiate the oral cancer incidence in OSMF patients. The rate of malignant transformation of OSMF has been estimated to be 2-10%. Most cases with malignant transformation in OSMF have occurred gradually over a long period of time. This paper presents a case of oral submucous fibrosis turning into malignancy in a 34-year-old male patient.